Well, my gues is that the control panel for your ati card uses some of the classes found in the .net framework 2.0 If you do not have this framework, that would explain why you can't open the control panel. My guess is that the ati control center uses the command line interface (hence the CLI) to change the settings on the graphics card. I would also guess that it has the previous settings backed up in a previous database of somekind, hence the culter=nuetral; and publickeytoken. Updating the .net framework may do it, but if you could get a hold of those blue screen error codes(if you still get them) that would help a lot.
You may also want to check ati's website for information reguarding the software requirements of their newest drivers, it could be possible that you have old drivers installed, or simple the wrong ones for your os.