I was wondering if it actually matters what kind of compiler you have. They say "Java Compiler" or "C++ Compliler" but does it actually matter? Can you use one for all languages?
Yes, they really are different. Saying a program is written in C++ not Java is roughly equivalent to saying that I speak English, but not Japanese. The source code that is written is different, though a lot of languages fall into one or another pattern group. So some can look like they are close enough, but they really aren't.
To use linux? No, I don't think so...I don't use Linux but I'm almost positive you don't need to know c++. The Linux GUI's aren't usually text based anymore unless you got some ghetto version.